Protection or punishment? : a comparative analysis of child soldiers in Germany and Sierra Leone

Abstract

The thesis presents an analysis of the literature of child soldiers to show how child soldiers may be recruited, used and treated in the armed forces. Theories explaining the use of child soldiers as well as conflicting arguments are presented. An analysis of the case studies of child soldiers in Germany in World War II and in Sierra Leone in the civil war beginning in 1991 shows that manipulation and coercion play a role in the actions of child soldiers. Legislation pertaining to child soldiers is identified and similarities are discussed as well as the legislations’ limitations in protecting children affected by war. Measures taken to punish those who commit war crimes, including recruiting children into armed forces, are examined. Efforts to rehabilitate and reintegrate former child soldiers are discussed and evaluated. The thesis concludes by suggesting restorative justice and peace education as favorable alternatives to punishment in the case of former child soldiers.