A return to modernization theory : peacebuilding and democratization after the Cold War, the case of post-Duvalier Haiti

Abstract

This thesis explores the relationship between multi-lateral peacebuilding and democratization to consider the viability of democracy in post-conflict states. It explores the nexus between development and foreign policy objectives through an exploration of democracy and security. It argues the present course of multi-lateral peacebuilding aims to establish a global approach to democracy in post-conflict states, encouraging new democracies to conform in a hegemonic political-economy. The literature and conceptual framework is then applied to the democratization process surrounding the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH).

The conceptual framework for this thesis is contained in two parts. The first is intended to establish a basis to explore the fluid issues of security and democracy. It questions a singular notion of these concepts, stressing a variety of differing philosophical viewpoints. The second places emphasis on the changing notions of democracy, security and development after the end of the Cold War. It seeks to examine the philosophy and policies of the Agenda for Peace, Agenda for Development , and Agenda for Democratization within the context of the modernization development paradigm. It considers the issue of "true" democratic development, arguing democratization has traditionally been an evolutionary process fuelled by time and conflict.

This framework is then applied to democratic development in post-Duvalier Haiti. It examines the historical foundation of politics in Haiti, emphasizing the role of class in establishing a totalitarian state. It also considers the political history of external intervention, especially by the United States. Lastly, it reflects on the possibility of democratic development, considering the externally set timetables and expectations of the international community.

The thesis concludes with the writer's reflections on the successful implementation of democracy in the peacebuilding paradigm, stressing the necessity of long-term political development.