Time an indicator of development : introducing a time-use module into household surveys

Abstract

This paper deals with historical, theoretical, and methodological factors considered in the design of time-use modules for the Living Standard Measurement Studies (LSMS) of the World Bank. Project carried out, in the year of 1996 and part of 1997, by the Time-Use Research Program, of Saint Mary's University.

It considers that economic evaluation methods promoted by international organizations, throughout the world, are blind to the living conditions of individuals and to the impact on the structures of society. By using money metric indicators the contribution that nonmonetary activities make to the welfare of individuals, society, and the economy is dismissed. Consequently, if the goal of public policy is to reduce poverty and improve living conditions, this narrow definition of development cannot be used and must be expanded to encompass non economic factors.

Including a time-use module in LSMS surveys can add an extra dimension to the understanding of the conditions faced by households in developing countries. The data collected would provide an accurate picture of the constraints encountered by individuals in their daily lives. This knowledge would facilitate the design and promotion of policies that are supportive of individuals and of a society that is both dynamic and compassionate.

The paper includes information about methods and instruments of time-use data collection and deals with procedures to calculate variables necessary for time-use analysis. It additionally presents three instruments of time-use data collection with the appropriate guidelines for codification of time-use variables.