Assessing functional ecological connectivity for protected area design in Southwest Nova Scotia

Abstract

Ecological connectivity is vital for maintaining healthy ecosystems, facilitating essential processes such as species dispersal, gene flow, and adaptation to changing environments. However, this connectivity is increasingly threatened by human activities such as road construction, deforestation, and agricultural practices, which fragment landscapes and impede species movement. This study in Southwest Nova Scotia addresses these challenges by aiming to enhance ecological connectivity in fragmented forest landscapes. Through the identification of potential corridors between protected areas and the assessment of species resistance to movement, the research seeks to provide valuable insights into protected area designs aligning with environmental goals. Utilizing habitat suitability modeling and spatial analysis techniques including least cost path modeling and circuit theory analysis, seven species sensitive to fragmentation are analyzed. Major findings highlight the importance of maintaining and restoring ecological corridors, identifying pinchpoints and barriers to species movement, and suggesting areas for restoration to enhance connectivity in fragmented landscapes. By offering insights into landscape-scale connectivity patterns and providing guidance for conservation strategies, this research aims to support ecologists and landscape planners in Nova Scotia in their efforts to balance wildlife conservation with human development needs. Ultimately, the study contributes to the broader goal of preserving interconnected landscapes and safeguarding biodiversity in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.