pp. 1-45 Scope and Content: This article examines the issues that have arisen in response to rural development in the Kilenge region of Papua New Guinea. Many of the common problems with development are discussed such as reliance on foreign aid, limitations to commercial enterprise (erratic shipping, isolation, etc.), income and resource disparities, and lack of skilled workers. The research for this paper was carried out in the village of Ongaia, in the Kilenge area of Papua New Guinea, from March 1977 until January 1978.