Depletion of metronidazole in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

Abstract

Metronidazole (MNZ), which is effective in the treatment of intestinal infections in fish, is also a suspected carcinogen and has been banned in numerous jurisdictions for use in any food-producing animal, including fish. Few reports have been published on the depletion of MNZ in fish. A depletion study was therefore undertaken using MNZ in feed provided to trout under controlled conditions. The water was maintained at 17.5 ± 0.9°C throughout the medication and depletion periods in the study. Following a 20-day acclimatisation period in the holding tanks, the trout (approximately 150–200 g bodyweight at the start of the study) were subjected to two separate medication and withdrawal periods: (A) 5 day medication/5 day withdrawal and (B) 5 day medication/16 day withdrawal. This simulated a potential multiple dosing in an aquaculture setting. In both medication periods, the trout were dosed with medicated feed containing 3 g MNZ kg^–1 fish. Fish were sacrificed in accordance with accepted animal care protocols and tissue samples were analysed by UPLC-MS/MS. Analyte concentrations in trout muscle ranged from a high of 27 000 ± 10 000 ng g^–1 for MNZ and 830 ± 570 ng g^–1 for MNZ-OH on day 1 of withdrawal period A to a low of 1.8 ± 2.3 ng g^–1 for MNZ and < 0.4 ng g^–1 for MNZ-OH on day 16 of withdrawal period B. The results demonstrate that when using the UPLC-MS/MS method, residues of MNZ may be detected in fish treated with MNZ after 16 days of withdrawal.